The opposite of a standalone invention, recognised as a problem for patent law by the UK's Hargreaves Review (May 2011) which observed that it is encountered in the information technology field. Innovations build upon and succeed one another, making the process of research and development complicated (perhaps undesirably so) and leading to the growth of thickets of patents (see patent thickets, in the Dictionary) as well as cross-licensing, patent pools, litigation and trolling. Cf complementary innovation.
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